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Minerals | Free Full-Text | Can Weathering of Banded …

Oxidation of iron-rich rock is known to generate H2 in oceanic as well as in continental domains. Here we tested the possibility of H2 generation as the result of weathering of banded iron formations …

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Banded ironstone formation theory challenges current thinking

Banded Iron Formation at Fortescue Falls, Karijini National Park. Credit: Graeme Churchard A UWA geologist has proposed a hypothesis which threatens to overturn conventional notions of the way ...

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Iron Formation: The Sedimentary Product of a Complex Interplay …

Banded iron formation (BIF) is dominant in Archean to earliest Paleoproterozoic successions, whereas granular iron formation (GIF) is much more common in Paleoproterozoic successions. Secular changes in the style of iron-formation deposition, identified more than 20 years ago, have been linked to diverse environmental …

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Iron Formation: The Sedimentary Product of a Complex

Multiple formation processes were involved in the origin of the banded iron formation: (1) deposition of iron-rich mud material on the deep ocean floor, as well as the formation of an iron-rich ...

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Fe, C, and O isotope compositions of banded iron formation …

Combined Fe, C, and O isotope measurements of ~ 2.5 Ga banded iron formation (BIF) carbonates from the Kuruman Iron Formation and underlying BIF and platform Ca–Mg carbonates of the Gamohaan Formation, South Africa, constrain the biologic and abiologic formation pathways in these extensive BIF deposits.Vertical …

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Banded Iron Formation

Banded Iron Formation, or BIF, is the name given to these banded and kink-folded alternating layers of iron oxide (hematite and magnetite) and microcrystalline silica (red and brown chert and golden-brown tiger eye). They used to be iron-rich and silica-rich sediments on the ancient sea floor about 2.5 billion years ago.

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8.6.4: Metamorphosed Iron Formations

No headers Figure 8.57: Banded iron formation from Dales Gorge, Western Australia. Ironstone is a general name we give to sedimentary rocks that contain more than 15% iron. These rocks may contain iron hydroxides (limonite), oxides (magnetite and hematite), carbonates (siderite), or silicates (chamosite, Fe-rich chlorite).

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Fossilized iron bacteria reveal a pathway to the biological

Debates on the formation of banded iron formations in ancient ferruginous oceans are dominated by a dichotomy between abiotic and biotic iron cycling. This is fuelled by difficulties in ...

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Mineral deposit

There are two major types of deposit. The first, and by far the most important, is banded iron formations ( BIFs ), so called because they are finely layered alternations of cherty silica and an iron mineral, generally …

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Hematite (The Bloodstone Ore)

Banded Iron Formation (BIF) Banded iron formations (BIF) appear to span the period 2.6 to 1.8 billion years ago, with several short periods of intense iron deposition separated by long intervals of no remarkable accumulations. Several clues point to possible explanations. The rapid appearance of BIF followed by extended quiescence implies ...

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RESEARCH FOCUS: The life and times of banded iron formations

Banded iron formations (BIFs) have been at the center of many debates in geology, especially regarding the early (i.e., Archean and Paleoproterozoic) Earth and its …

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Banded-iron formation (BIF) | Britannica

banded-iron formation (BIF), chemically precipitated sediment, typically thin bedded or laminated, consisting of 15 percent or more iron of sedimentary origin and layers of chert, chalcedony, jasper, or quartz. Such formations occur on all the continents and usually are older than 1.7 billion years. They also are highly metamorphosed.

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THE LAKE SUPERIOR IRON RANGES: GEOLOGY AND …

That part of banded iron-formation for which adequate amounts of contained iron minerals can be extracted to achieve a recovery percentage of 20-25% iron Production involves mining, crushing, grinding, concentrating, pelletizing and fire-hardening of pellets. All current production, and probably all future production in

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Banded iron formation Definition & Meaning

The meaning of BANDED IRON FORMATION is a sedimentary deposit that consists of alternating thin layers of iron oxides (such as magnetite or hematite) and iron-poor minerals (such as shale or chert) —abbreviation BIF. How to use banded iron formation in a sentence.

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Common Minnesota Rocks

Iron Formation and Taconite. Thin layers of iron formation occur within other rocks in northern Minnesota. The term is a contraction of "iron-bearing formation," which is a rock having as much as 30 percent iron in places. Iron formation formed when iron-rich particles precipitated and settled to the sea floor during quiet periods in volcanic ...

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Iron | Geoscience Australia

Banded Iron Formation at Fortescue Falls, Western Australia. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Most iron ores mined today comprise the iron oxide minerals hematite, Fe 2 O 3 (70% Fe); goethite, Fe 2 O 3 s H 2 O, (63% …

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Climate control on banded iron formations linked to …

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are iron-rich (~30 wt%) and distinctively layered chemical sediments that were widely deposited in the Neoarchean to early …

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(PDF) Banded Ironstone Formations: Origins, Extraction, and …

Banded iron formation (BIF) comprises 15% iron, comprising minerals of iron that are bedded besides silica. Beneficiation processes of iron ore generate dust in the atmosphere, acid mine drainage in the ecosystem and metallic iron for steelmaking. Beneficiation process requires dissolution of minerals surrounding the ore and the release of ...

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Iron Ore: Sedimentary Rock

Banded Iron Formation: Close-up view of a banded iron formation. In this specimen bands of hematite (silver) alternate with bands of jasper (red). This photo spans an area of rock about one foot wide. Photo taken by …

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Banded Iron Formation | SpringerLink

'Banded Iron Formation' published in 'Encyclopedia of Astrobiology' BIF Composition. Iron formations can retain the chemical signatures of the seawater from which they precipitated provided that postdepositional element mobility was minimal and may therefore be used as potential proxies for ancient seawater composition through time.

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Banded Iron Formation | AMNH

A nearly 3-billion-year-old banded iron formation from Canada shows that the atmosphere and ocean once had no oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms were making oxygen, but it reacted with the iron …

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Links between large igneous province volcanism and subducted iron

Here we use statistical analysis of time series to show that from 3,200 to 1,000 Myr ago, most iron formation deposition ages are correlated with large igneous province activity 241 ± 15 Myr ...

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Banded Iron Formation

Banded iron formations are worldwide layered sedimentary deposits rich in iron that range in age from 1.5 to 3.8 billion years old, the age of the earliest known rocks. …

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Photoferrotrophy, deposition of banded iron formations, and

Banded iron formation (BIF) deposition was the likely result of oxidation of ferrous iron in seawater by either oxygenic photosynthesis or iron-dependent anoxygenic photosynthesis—photoferrotrophy. BIF deposition, however, remains enigmatic because the photosynthetic biomass produced during iron oxidation is conspicuously absent from …

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A rusty green early ocean? -- ScienceDaily

One researchers suggests that, billions of years ago, "green rust" formed in seawater and sank to the ocean bed, becoming an original source of banded iron formations. While this would have been ...

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Banded Iron Formation | Western Australian Museum

Banded Iron Formation. Most of the major iron deposits worldwide occur in rocks called banded iron formations (or BIFs for short), which are finely layered sedimentary rocks composed of alternating chert (a …

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Banded Iron formation, Genesis Stone, Wyoming

Banded Iron Formation Naturally carved and polished wind slicks from Wyoming, USA. A grounding experience with 2 billion year old Genesis Stone, a type of Banded Iron Formation (BIF). Magnetite, hematite & jasper energy with millions of years of sun and wind energy in each piece. Every unique piece has seen an almost unimaginable amount of ...

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Banded Iron Formations | Encyclopedia

banded iron formation (BIF) Finely banded, siliceous, hematite deposits found in Precambrian rocks, forming stratiform units often several hundred metres thick and persistent over 150 km or more. They probably formed by chemical—organic processes during sedimentation in stable, shallow basins with little detritus, and so are syngenetic …

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Geologic units in Michigan (state in United States)

Highly metamorphosed banded iron-formation. Principal iron-formation in Marquette trough and nearby areas. Includes abundant metadiabase sills. ... In eastern part of Gogebic Range, Ironwood Iron-formation is intercalated with pyroclastic rocks of Emperor Volcanic Complex, and in eastern half of T. 47 N., R. 43 W. (where mapped within unit Xip ...

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Iron-rich rocks unlock new insights into Earth's planetary history

Metamorphosed banded iron formation from the Hamersley Group of Western Australia. The rock is approximately 2.5 billion years old. Dark bands are iron oxides (hematite, magnetite), reddish bands are chert with iron oxide inclusions (jasper), and gold bands are amphibole and quartz. Specimen collected by Cin-Ty Lee.

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