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Environmental impacts of oil spills and their

Crude oil spill disasters cause widespread environmental damage and economic destruction. From 1970 to 2017, more than 5.7 million tonnes of crude oil was spilled into the oceans. ... The resulting aggregation of oil and nano-magnetite shows magnetic behaviour and can be easily attracted by an external magnetic stimulus. In …

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Mechanism of magnetite formation in high temperature naphthenic …

In our prior publications, the protective magnetite layer adjacent to the steel surface was formed in the corrosion by a pure carboxylic acid (model NAP). In the current study, it is the first time to report the formation of magnetite in the corrosion by real crude oil fractions with complex components under refinery conditions.

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Magnetically recoverable magnetite-reduced graphene …

In this study, a magnetic demulsifier, magnetite-reduced graphene oxide (M-rGO) nanocomposites were proposed as a recyclable demulsifier to break up the …

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Magnetite nanoparticle mediated catalytic aquathermolysis of …

Catalytic aquathermolysis is one of the most significant and cost-effective viscosity reduction techniques employed in the up gradation of the crude oil at elevated temperatures and hence to enhance oil extraction process. In this study, catalytic aquathermolysis of Omani heavy crude oil was performed using magnetite …

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(PDF) Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite

The main objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle-based ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude oil. The carrier fluid of the ...

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Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite …

The main objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticle-based ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude …

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University of South Carolina

University of South Carolina

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Mechanism of magnetite formation in high temperature …

It is further postulated that the formation of magnetite relates to the presence of indigenous NAP in crude oil fractions, consistent with the findings relating to the corrosion by model NAP. Iron naphthenates (the product of NAP …

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CFD investigation of enhanced extra-heavy oil recovery using …

Studying viscosity reduction of crude oil during the optimal test and finding that by injecting the nanofluid at an optimal level, viscosity of extra heavy oil decreases from 35 Pa s to 25 Pa s. Abstract. The present study simulated thermal enhanced oil recovery (steam and nanoparticles) for the first time using computational fluid dynamics. ...

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Magnetite | Magnetic Properties, Iron Oxide, Magnetism

magnetite, also called lodestone, or magnetic iron ore, iron oxide mineral (FeFe 2 O 4, or Fe 3 O 4) that is the chief member of one …

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Iron ore in Australia and the world: Resources, production

The most important iron ore resources are in Australia, Brazil, China, India, Russia, and Ukraine. As per the USGS, the world's total economic reserves ("economically demonstrated resources (EDRs)" according to Geoscience Australia) are estimated at 170 billion tons (Gt) crude ore containing 81 Gt of iron (Table 22.1).Worldwide, iron ore is …

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Effective one-step saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass …

Magnetite-CLEAs of SEs (M-SE-CLEAs) were prepared similarly as described above for SE-CLEAS with some modifications. ... Crude eglS and xynC were added as 2.5 U/g biomass and 0.35 U/g biomass, respectively. Other bglH, cbhA, and bxlB were added as 0.1 U/g biomass. Note that the activity of these crude enzymes applied in …

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Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite …

The main objective of this work is to synthesize and evaluate magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticle-based ferrofluids for reducing the viscosity of an extra heavy crude oil.The carrier fluid of the nanoparticles was synthesized using an engine lubricant recycled from the automotive industry and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant.

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Magnetite Concentration Methods

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Mechanism of magnetite formation in high …

High temperature corrosion. a b s t r a c t. Naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds present in crude oils may cause corrosion in oil refineries. In some cases, corrosion product …

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Iron Ore Statistics and Information | U.S. Geological Survey

Iron ore is a mineral substance which, when heated in the presence of a reductant, will yield metallic iron (Fe). It almost always consists of iron oxides, the primary forms of which are magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ). Iron ore is the source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries.

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The formation of pyrophoric iron sulphide from rust

Hydrogen sulphide present in crude oil can react with rust in the cargo tanks of oil tankers to give iron sulphide. The particular form of the sulphide produced depends on the temperature, the availability of hydrogen sulphide and the time of the reaction. ... (OH)) and elemental sulphur with, in some instances, magnetite (Fe304), ferric oxide ...

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Mechanism of magnetite formation in high temperature …

of magnetite formation in high temperature naphthenic acid corrosion by crude oil fractions Peng Jin∗, Srdjan Nesic Institute for Corrosion and Multiphase Technology, Ohio University, 342 West State Street, Athens, OH 45701, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 23 June 2016 Received in revised form 19 November 2016 Accepted 24 ...

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Effect of Na2CO3 on the Catalytic Degradation of Crude

Keywor ds Crude oil · Oxidation · Magnetite · Natural Na 2 CO 3. 1 Introduction. Crude-oil production and transport show high soil . and water pollution (Usman et al., ...

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Mechanism of magnetite formation in high temperature naphthenic …

In a different study, a high-TAN crude oil fraction left a scale of magnetite, which was revealed by XRD analysis [38]. Magnetite was also found on steel surface of samples. Conclusions. In our prior publications, the protective magnetite layer adjacent to the steel surface was formed in the corrosion by a pure carboxylic acid (model NAP).

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Viscosity reduction of extra heavy crude oil by magnetite …

heavy crude oil by magnetite nanoparticle-based ferrofluids Juan E Aristiza´bal-Fontal, Farid B Corte´s and ... The crude oil used was an EHO with 6.4 API at 289K and saturated, aromatic, resins ...

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The preparation of magnetite, goethite, hematite and maghemite …

Mill scale iron waste has been used to prepare some iron oxide pigments via specific precursors. Magnetite and goethite were precipitated from their respective precursors in aqueous media.Various red shades of hematite were prepared by the calcinations of the precipitated goethite at temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 °C. …

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Nanotechnology Applications for Viscosity Reduction of Heavy

Crude oil physicochemical properties are related to their processing and commercialization quality and account for their classification into light, intermediate, heavy, and extra-heavy crude oils [].Among the predominant characteristics of HOs and EHOs are their unfavorable rheological properties such as high viscosities and their specific low …

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Recyclable surface-functionalized Fe3O4 particles for heavy oil

1. Introduction. Nowadays, energy demand remains heavily dependent on crude oil. However, the reserves of conventional oil are declining. The reserves of heavy oil and extra-heavy oil are almost twice that of conventional oil and have become the research focus of petroleum exploitation, transportation, and utilization (Alboudwarej et al., 2006; …

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Iron Ore Spot Price Chart

Iron Ore Price: Get all information on the Price of Iron Ore including News, Charts and Realtime Quotes.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles: Preparation methods, functions, …

Iron oxide nanoparticles are becoming progressively significant for the improvement of innovative biomedical and nanotechnology requests. The keywords iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and magnetite nanoparticles have been utilized as a research object in the gross database of articles from the Web of Science. The …

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Adsorption of Spill Crude Oil from Aqueous Solution Using …

local generation in countries such as Nigeria and effectiveness in crude oil removal from waste effluents. Over the past decades the removal of various toxic substances such as crude oil from water and wastewater has been of primary interest to many researchers around the globe (Auta and Hameed, 2014; Uddin, 2017; Momina et al., 2018).

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Environmental impacts of oil spills and their

Crude oil spill disasters cause widespread environmental damage and economic destruction. From 1970 to 2017, more than 5.7 million tonnes of crude oil was spilled into the oceans. In 2017 alone, the oil lost in marine water was about 7000 tonnes (ITOPF, 2018). Since 1940s, the oceans has suffered more than 25 major oil spills …

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Magnetic demulsification of diluted crude oil-in-water …

Single-layer oleic acid-coated magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 @OA) nanoparticles show potential for magnetically demulsifying diluted crude oil-in-water …

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final environmenral imr=ad slaremenr

280 million gross tons of minable magnetite taconite that, upon benefication, would yield about 80 million gross tons of pellets of merchantable quality. Inland anticipates that this reserve of crude taconite would be made available by development of the "Ordean-Allan" and "Minorca" open pits within the ultimate limits

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